CULTURA prelungirii Miinii Drepte – 11…

Culture has been understood as a flux of phenomenon that has presuppositions and foundations from their hunter-gathering and nomadic traditions to cultivation. And now those of historical relevances of human engagement for alternatives reveal a connotation, viz. a phenomenological paradigm of social realty or of a syntagm of human scarcities. Whether this relationship between phenomenological paradigm (hunter-gathering, agriculture, industrial revolution, cultural revolution, globalization) and the syntagm of human scarcities(kingdom, empery, colonialism, post-colonial devolution) is one of the cohesion or of contradiction depends in each case as to the analysis of their approches. Apparently, as such idiosyncratic or irrational characterizations of reality can be attributed at least as much to the social and cultural conditions under which perceptions of objective reality arise as to the perceptual condition of the individual on one hand or the subjective nature of the universal on the other.

When the concept first emerged in eighteenth- and nineteenth-century Europe, it connoted a process of cultivation or improvement, as in agriculture or horticulture. In the nineteenth century, it came to refer first to the betterment or refinement of the individual, especially through education, and then to the fulfillment of national aspirations or ideals. In the mid-nineteenth century, some scientists used the term “culture” to refer to a universal human capacity.

In the twentieth century, “culture” emerged as a concept central to anthropology, encompassing all human phenomena that are not purely results of human genetics. Specifically, the term “culture” in American anthropology had two meanings: (1) the evolved human capacity to classify and represent experiences with symbols, and to act imaginatively and creatively; and (2) the distinct ways that people living in different parts of the world classified and represented their experiences, and acted creatively. Following World War II, the term became important, albeit with different meanings, in other disciplines such as sociology, cultural studies, organizational psychology and management studies…